Jinsi ya kutengeneza kituo kidogo chenye akili cha 110kV-INNO

With the development of intelligent substations, the performance and advantages of intelligent terminals and merging unit equipment have been widely verified, but some problems have also been exposed, kama vile: unreasonable configuration of merging units reduces the reliability of protection equipment operation, sampling delay increases the action time of the entire protection group, nk. A technical scheme of “conventional sampling+GOOSE tripping” for protection devices in 220 kV and above intelligent substations has been proposed, which also has reference significance for the construction of 110 kV intelligent substations.

1 General Design Overview

In the general design of modular construction drawings for State Grid intelligent substations, 110 kV substations are often used as terminal load stations, with a main transformer scale of 2 vitengo na mpango wa kawaida wa basi moja iliyogawanywa (basi moja limegawanywa katika sehemu tatu) au daraja la ndani (kupanuliwa kwa daraja la ndani) kwa wiring kuu. Kifungu hiki kinachukua mpango wa 110-A3-3 wa kupanua fomu kuu ya uunganisho wa daraja la ndani kama mfano wa kuchambua usanidi wa kitengo cha kuunganisha basi..

1.1 Mpango wa Usanidi wa Kitengo cha Kuunganisha Jumla

Katika mpango wa jumla wa kubuni, sampuli ya voltage na ya sasa inachukua njia ya “kitengo cha kuunganisha kibadilishaji + cha kawaida”. Kila muda wa PT wa basi una vifaa vya terminal moja yenye akili na kitengo kimoja cha kuunganisha; Vifaa viwili vya terminal vya akili vilivyounganishwa kwa vitengo vya kuunganisha vimewekwa kwa vipindi kati ya mistari na madaraja ya ndani; Kifaa kimoja kilichounganishwa kwa akili kimewekwa kwa vipindi kwenye upande wa juu wa voltage ya transformer kuu; Baraza la mawaziri la akili la transformer kuu lina vifaa vya terminal moja ya akili na vitengo viwili vya kuunganisha. Kwa upande wa chini wa voltage ya transformer kuu, kila switchgear kuu inayoingia ina vifaa viwili vya akili vilivyojumuishwa. Vifaa vya chini vya voltage havijabadilika katika uboreshaji wa mpango, kwa hivyo hakuna takwimu zitafanywa.

1.2 Uhusiano wa mantiki ya sampuli za voltage

Kulingana na miongozo ya kiufundi ya vituo vidogo vyenye akili, mstari, daraja la ndani, kifaa kikuu cha ulinzi wa transfoma, SV, na habari za GOOSE zinafuata kanuni ya “upatikanaji wa moja kwa moja na kuruka moja kwa moja”, na hupitishwa kutoka kwa uhakika kupitia nyaya za macho. Kulingana na usanidi wa kiwango cha mwisho cha mpango wa jumla wa kubuni, uhusiano wa mantiki ya sampuli ya voltage ya vifaa vya ulinzi umeonyeshwa kwenye Kielelezo 1.

Mstari thabiti unawakilisha wiring cable, wakati mstari wa nukta unawakilisha kebo ya macho au waya wa kebo ya mkia. Sampuli ya voltage ya kitengo cha kuunganisha cha upande wa juu-voltage wa mstari na kibadilishaji kikuu hupitishwa kupitia 9-2 mtiririko wa itifaki kutoka kwa kitengo cha kuunganisha cha basi, na inaweza kutumwa kwa ulinzi wa mstari unaolingana, mita ya umeme, Upakiaji wa transfoma kuu na vifaa vingine vya matumizi. Sampuli ya voltage ya ulinzi wa transfoma kuu, chelezo byte otomatiki, na vifaa vya kumwaga mzunguko wa chini hupitishwa moja kwa moja kutoka kwa sehemu ya kuunganisha ya baa ya basi.

Uchambuzi wa tatizo

Katika vituo mahiri, ingawa kuegemea kwa njia ya usanidi wa “kitengo cha kuunganisha kibadilishaji + cha kawaida” imeboreshwa sana ikilinganishwa na awali “kibadilishaji cha elektroniki + kitengo cha kuunganisha” mode, uaminifu wa jumla wa ulinzi na mfumo wa kipimo has been reduced due to the increased software and hardware modules of the merging unit compared to traditional protection devices, and the increased risk of faults. Aidha, the poor operating environment of on-site layout has led to a decrease in the overall reliability of the protection and measurement system. In the general design scheme of State Grid Intelligent Substation, ya 110 kV substation is only equipped with 2 sets of busbar merging units according to the final scale, and each set of devices can simultaneously connect to 3 sets of busbar voltage. In this wiring scheme, when one set of merging units fails, it will cause an alarm of the 1/2 main transformer protection device in the station, as well as an alarm or lockout of backup automatic switching, measurement and control, metering and other devices, with a wide range of impact. Considering the risk of faults in busbar merging units, State Grid Corporation of China released the “Standardized Design Specification for Analog Input Merging Units and Intelligent Terminals in Intelligent Substations” katika 2016, proposing a scheme of configuring one merging unit per busbar segment for single busbar three segmented connection in 110 vituo vya kV, kama inavyoonyeshwa kwenye Kielelezo 1. There are still several issues in this plan: (1) When two main transformers are constructed in the first phase and expanded in the final phase, the merging units of each busbar configuration are simultaneously connected to three sets of busbar voltage, which requires corresponding busbar equipment to be powered off, increasing construction risks and technical difficulties. (2) The failure of a single busbar merging unit will cause at least 2 sets of main transformer protection devices to alarm, as well as other parts of protection measurement and control, automatic devices, electricity meters and other equipment to alarm or lock, and the impact range is still relatively large. (3) The sampling voltage from the busbar merging unit to the main transformer protection device and the cascade voltage to other interval merging units require a large number of optical cables (tail cables) to be connected.

Optimization plan

According to the final scale of the entire station, one conventional voltage parallel device will be installed in the 110 kV I and III bus voltage transformer PT control cabinets to achieve voltage parallel function between adjacent busbars. Vitengo viwili vya kuunganisha mabasi vitawekwa kwenye baraza la mawaziri la kudhibiti PT la basi la II ili kukusanya voltage ya sehemu tatu za basi.. Vifaa viwili vya akili vilivyounganishwa vimewekwa kwenye mstari, daraja la ndani, na muda wa juu-voltage upande wa transformer kuu. Usanidi wa kitengo cha kuunganisha cha baraza la mawaziri la akili la mwili mkuu wa transformer umefutwa, na mfuatano wa nukta sifuri wa upande wowote na mkondo wa pengo huunganishwa kwenye kitengo cha kuunganisha cha muda cha upande wa juu-voltage cha transfoma kuu kupitia nyaya.. Uhusiano wa kimantiki wa sampuli za voltage kwa vifaa vya kiwango cha mchakato hurahisishwa ipasavyo.

Voltage ya basi imeunganishwa kwenye mstari na upande wa juu-voltage wa transformer kuu kwa njia ya nyaya, na mzunguko wa kushuka kutoka kwa kitengo cha kuunganisha basi umefutwa. The main transformer protection voltage sampling is directly collected from the high-voltage side of the main transformer point to point. The sampling of public equipment such as backup automatic switching and low cycle load shedding can be directly collected from the merging unit of the II bus PT control cabinet. To reduce the impact range of faults in the merging unit, two bus merging units are set up, and the fiber optic interface is reasonably allocated to other public equipment for use.

Compared with the general design scheme, the advantages of this scheme are: (1) enhanced reliability of the interval layer protection measurement and control system. The bus voltage is connected to the line and the main transformer interval merging unit through cables, ambayo huongeza kuegemea kwa mzunguko na inaweza kuzuia athari mbaya za sampuli na ubadilishaji unaosababishwa na kitengo cha kuunganisha basi., pamoja na hitilafu za kifaa kwenye kifaa cha ulinzi na kipimo cha muda huu. Wakati kitengo kimoja cha kuunganisha kinashindwa ndani ya muda, itasababisha tu kengele kwa seti moja ya kipimo kikuu cha ulinzi wa kibadilishaji na kifaa cha kudhibiti, na aina mbalimbali za athari za kosa zitapungua kwa nusu. (2) Rahisisha upau wa basi wa kuunganisha waya wa kebo ya macho. Ikilinganishwa na Kielelezo 1, Kielelezo 2 inaonyesha kuwa usanidi wa ulinzi na vifaa vya moja kwa moja bado haujabadilika. Idadi ya vifaa vya safu ya mchakato (ikijumuisha 2 vifaa vya kawaida vya sambamba) inapunguzwa na 2, na idadi ya mabasi ya kuunganisha sehemu za bandari za macho zinazochukuliwa imepunguzwa kutoka 22 kwa 7. (3) The construction is convenient and the power outage range is limited when expanding the III busbar. Only the II busbar needs to cooperate with the power outage, without modifying the I busbar equipment. (4) Reduce equipment procurement costs. The improved plan reduces the number of process layer equipment by 2 vitengo, and the price of 2 conventional voltage parallel devices is significantly lower than that of the merged unit equipment, resulting in an overall cost reduction. Wakati 110 kV equipment energy meter is placed in the intelligent control room, analog input meters can be used, which is much cheaper than digital input meters and further reduces the cost of engineering equipment.

Shortcomings include: (1) An increase in the number of equipment installed in the busbar control cabinet. For the A3-3 scheme, kwa sababu ya kuunganishwa kwa mpangilio wa muda wa upande wa juu-voltage wa kibadilishaji kikuu na muda wa PT wa baa ya basi., baraza la mawaziri la kudhibiti upau wa basi linahitaji kusakinisha kitengo cha kuunganisha cha muda wa transfoma na kitengo cha kuunganisha cha basi, pamoja na vifaa vya terminal vya akili. Mpango wa awali wa kubuni wa ulimwengu wote ulihitaji ufungaji wa vifaa vitatu katika kila baraza la mawaziri la udhibiti wa basi; Mpango wa uboreshaji unahitaji usakinishaji wa 4 vifaa katika kabati za udhibiti wa mabasi ya I na III, na 5 vifaa katika baraza la mawaziri la kudhibiti basi la II. Wakati wa kubuni mchoro wa ujenzi, inawezekana kuwasiliana na mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya GIS ili kuongeza ukubwa wa baraza la mawaziri au kufunga baraza la mawaziri la skrini ya kinga ndani ya chumba cha GIS.. (2) Baada ya mzunguko wa voltage inachukua uunganisho wa cable kwa kitengo cha akili cha muda wa mstari, nyaya za ziada za wiring za baraza la mawaziri na swichi za hewa za voltage na vifaa vingine vitaongezwa, lakini wingi sio mkubwa na wiring ya mzunguko ni rahisi, ambayo ina athari kidogo katika mchakato wa ujenzi.

The 110 Kituo kidogo cha akili cha kV kina kifaa cha kawaida cha sambamba cha voltage, na sampuli ya voltage ya mstari na ulinzi mkuu wa transfoma imeunganishwa na kitengo cha kuunganisha cha muda kwa njia ya nyaya.. Hii ina faida dhahiri katika kuboresha utegemezi wa jumla wa mfumo wa ulinzi na kipimo na kupunguza athari za hitilafu za kitengo kimoja cha kuunganisha kwenye kifaa cha ulinzi.. Wakati huo huo, vitengo viwili vya kuunganisha basi vimewekwa ili kukusanya voltage ya 110 Upau wa basi wa kV tofauti, kwa matumizi ya vifaa vingine vya umma kama vile kubadilisha kiotomatiki kuhifadhi nakala, ambayo inaweza kukidhi sifa za kiufundi za ukusanyaji wa kidijitali na kushiriki data katika vituo mahiri.