Penderia suhu gentian optik INNO ,sistem pemantauan suhu.
1、 Klasifikasi penderia suhu
Penderia suhu ialah bahagian teras alat pengukur suhu, dengan pelbagai jenis yang boleh dikelaskan mengikut piawaian yang berbeza.
1.1 Pengelasan mengikut kaedah pengukuran
Hubungi sensor suhu: Penderia jenis ini memerlukan sentuhan terus dengan objek yang diukur untuk mendapatkan maklumat suhu. Penderia suhu sentuhan biasa termasuk termokopel dan termistor. Termokopel menggunakan beza keupayaan termoelektrik antara dua logam yang berbeza untuk mengukur suhu. Contohnya, dalam beberapa relau industri, termokopel dimasukkan terus ke dalam relau untuk bersentuhan dengan objek bersuhu tinggi, dan nilai suhu diperolehi melalui beza keupayaan termoelektrik; Thermistor ialah sensor yang rintangannya berubah mengikut suhu, dan rintangannya mempunyai hubungan fungsi tertentu dengan suhu. Ia biasanya digunakan dalam pemantauan suhu dan bidang lain peranti elektronik.
Penderia suhu tidak bersentuhan: Penderia jenis ini biasanya menggunakan sinaran inframerah untuk mengukur suhu sesuatu objek, tanpa memerlukan sentuhan langsung dengan objek. Penderia suhu inframerah mewakili perkara ini, yang menggunakan sinaran inframerah yang dipancarkan oleh objek untuk mengukur suhunya. Contohnya, apabila mengukur suhu permukaan relau suhu tinggi, tidak perlu menyentuh relau, dan bacaan suhu boleh diperolehi dengan menerima sinaran inframerahnya. Kaedah ini sesuai untuk mengukur suhu permukaan objek yang bergerak, sasaran kecil, and objects with small heat capacity or rapid temperature changes (sementara), and can also be used to measure the temperature distribution of temperature fields.
1.2 Classification by Sensor Material and Electronic Component Characteristics/
Termokopel: Berdasarkan prinsip kesan termoelektrik, it uses the thermoelectric potential difference between two different metals to measure temperature. Thermocouples made of different materials are suitable for different temperature ranges. Contohnya, K-type thermocouples can measure temperatures ranging from -200 ℃ kepada 1300 ℃, and are commonly used in industry for temperature measurement in high-temperature environments, such as temperature monitoring in steel smelting processes.
Pengesan Suhu Rintangan (RTD): measures temperature based on the principle of resistance changing with temperature. Secara umumnya, RTDs are more linear than thermocouples, dan rintangan mereka meningkat dengan suhu. RTD biasa termasuk perintang platinum (Pt100, Pt10, dll.), antaranya Pt100 mempunyai nilai rintangan sebanyak 100 ohm pada 0 ℃ dan mempunyai ketepatan yang tinggi. Ia biasanya digunakan untuk pengukuran suhu yang tepat di makmal dan industri.
Sensor suhu IC (sensor suhu bersepadu): Mengintegrasikan elemen pengesan suhu, litar pengembangan, litar pampasan, dll. pada cip kecil, ia mempunyai kelebihan lineariti yang baik, respon pantas, dan eksport standard. Penderia suhu IC termasuk dua jenis: keluaran analog dan keluaran digital. Contohnya, AD590 ialah penderia suhu keluaran semasa daripada Analog Devices Inc. di Amerika Syarikat, dengan julat voltan bekalan 3-30V, arus keluaran sebanyak 223 m A (-50 ℃) -423 m A (150 ℃), dan sensitiviti daripada 1 μ A/℃.
1.3 Pengelasan mengikut Prinsip Kerja
Termometer pengembangan: made based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of objects, commonly used to measure temperature changes over a large range. Contohnya, in common mercury thermometers, mercury expands when heated and rises in the capillary tube of the thermometer, indicating temperature based on the height of the mercury column.
Special type
Pressure and temperature sensor: a multifunctional sensor that can simultaneously measure temperature and pressure, used in some hydraulic systems, air conditioning and refrigeration systems that require simultaneous monitoring of temperature and pressure.
Sensor suhu gentian optik: uses the properties of the optical signal in the fiber optic to measure temperature. This includes fluorescent fiber temperature sensors, distributed fiber temperature sensors, fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, dll. Fiber optic temperature sensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, saiz kecil, ringan, easy bending, tiada gangguan elektromagnet, tiada gangguan elektromagnet, and good corrosion resistance. They are particularly suitable for temperature detection in harsh environments such as flammable, bahan letupan, narrow spaces, and highly corrosive gases, cecair, and radiation pollution.
Logic output temperature sensor: Set a temperature range, and once the temperature exceeds the specified range, an alarm signal will be issued to turn on or off fans, air conditioners, pemanas, or other control devices. Contohnya, in some computer server rooms, if the temperature exceeds the set range, the logic output temperature sensor will trigger the air conditioning to turn on or off.
2、 Ciri-ciri Penderia Suhu Gentian Optik Pendarfluor
Fluorescent fiber optic temperature sensor is a sensor that uses fluorescent materials to undergo changes in fluorescence intensity or wavelength under temperature changes, and transmits signals through optical fibers to achieve temperature detection.
Ketepatan tinggi: Fluorescent materials are particularly sensitive to temperature changes, making fluorescent fiber temperature sensors have high measurement accuracy. Because small changes in temperature can cause significant changes in fluorescence intensity or wavelength, accurate temperature values can be obtained by precisely measuring these changes. Contohnya, in the field of medical diagnosis, fluorescent fiber optic temperature sensors can provide more accurate measurement results than traditional thermometers for detecting subtle changes in human body temperature.
Respon cepat: mampu bertindak balas dengan cepat terhadap perubahan suhu, monitor temperature changes in real time, dan bertindak balas dengan segera. This is very important in some situations where real-time temperature monitoring is required, such as in energy management systems, for temperature monitoring of power equipment. Once the equipment temperature rises abnormally, sensors can quickly provide feedback information to take timely measures.
High voltage resistance: Fluorescent fiber optic temperature measurement products have high voltage resistance, with a voltage resistance greater than 100KV. This allows it to directly measure temperature in high voltage environments. Contohnya, in the temperature monitoring of equipment in ultra-high voltage substations, when facing high voltage environments exceeding 100KV, hujung gentian pendarfluor boleh membuat sentuhan jarak sifar dengan peralatan untuk pengukuran suhu tanpa terjejas oleh voltan tinggi, memastikan operasi normal kerja pengukuran dan menyediakan sokongan data suhu yang penting untuk pengendalian peralatan kuasa yang selamat.
Keupayaan anti-gangguan yang kuat: Penderia suhu tradisional boleh dipengaruhi oleh isyarat gangguan, manakala penderia suhu gentian pendarfluor tidak terjejas oleh isyarat gangguan dan boleh berfungsi secara normal dalam persekitaran elektromagnet yang kompleks. Dalam persekitaran dengan gangguan elektromagnet yang kuat, seperti berhampiran pencawang atau peralatan motor besar, penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor boleh mengukur suhu secara stabil tanpa ralat pengukuran yang disebabkan oleh gangguan elektromagnet seperti penderia suhu elektronik tradisional.
Kestabilan jangka panjang: Bahan pendarfluor mempunyai ketahanan dan kestabilan yang kuat, dan sensor boleh mengekalkan kestabilan prestasi tinggi semasa penggunaan jangka panjang. Ini bermakna bahawa dalam tugas pemantauan suhu jangka panjang, seperti pemantauan suhu jangka panjang infrastruktur besar seperti jambatan dan empangan, tidak perlu kerap menggantikan penderia atau menentukurnya.
Pelbagai suhu persekitaran yang berkenaan: Sesuai untuk pelbagai suhu persekitaran, dari rendah ke tolak Baidu ke tinggi hingga beberapa ratus darjah. Sama ada pemantauan suhu peralatan penyelidikan saintifik di kawasan Artik yang sangat sejuk atau pengukuran suhu berhampiran relau industri suhu tinggi, penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor boleh berfungsi dengan normal.
Fleksibiliti dan Skalabiliti: Sensor fluorescent materials can be selected and designed according to actual needs to meet various specific application areas. Different fluorescent materials have different temperature fluorescence characteristics, and the most suitable fluorescent material can be selected to construct sensors according to specific application scenarios, such as biomedical research, pemantauan proses industri, dll. The number or range of monitoring points can be expanded as needed.
3、 Prinsip bagi distributed fiber optic temperature sensor
Gentian optik teragih temperature sensor is a sensor that uses unique distributed fiber optic detection technology to measure or monitor the spatial distribution and temporal information along the fiber optic transmission path.
Principles based on scattering effects
Rayleigh menghambur: When light is transmitted in an optical fiber, Rayleigh scattering occurs due to the microscopic non-uniformity inside the fiber, such as small changes in density, gubahan, dll. The intensity of Rayleigh scattering light is related to temperature, and temperature changes can cause changes in the microstructure of optical fiber materials, resulting in changes in the intensity of Rayleigh scattering light. Namun begitu, temperature measurement based solely on Rayleigh scattering has relatively low sensitivity, and in practical applications, it is often necessary to combine other scattering effects to improve measurement accuracy.
Raman berselerak: This is a commonly used scattering effect in distributed fiber optic temperature sensors. Raman scattering light is divided into Stokes light and anti Stokes light, and their intensity ratio has a specific functional relationship with temperature. The laser transmitted in the fiber will interact with the molecules in the fiber to produce Raman scattering, and temperature changes will affect the vibrational energy levels of the molecules, thereby changing the intensity ratio of Stokes light and anti Stokes light. By measuring this intensity ratio, the temperature value can be calculated. Contohnya, in some long-distance oil pipeline temperature monitoring, distributed fiber optic temperature sensors based on Raman scattering can be used to lay optical fibers along the pipeline and monitor the temperature at different positions of the pipeline in real time, preventing safety hazards caused by high or low oil temperature.
Penyerakan Brillouin: The frequency of Brillouin scattering light changes with temperature and strain. In distributed fiber optic temperature sensors, maklumat suhu diperoleh dengan mengukur hanyutan frekuensi cahaya hamburan Brillouin. Penyerakan Brillouin adalah sensitif kepada kedua-dua suhu dan ketegangan, and in practical applications, teknik khas diperlukan untuk membezakan kesan suhu dan ketegangan, seperti menggunakan struktur gentian khas atau kaedah pengukuran.
Aplikasi Reflectometry Domain Masa Optik (OTDR) Teknologi
Prinsip pengukuran: Teknologi OTDR ialah peralatan penting untuk lokasi kerosakan dan diagnosis dalam komunikasi gentian optik, dan juga memainkan peranan penting dalam pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan. Ia menyuntik nadi cahaya ke dalam gentian dan mengesan keamatan cahaya berselerak belakang dalam gentian dari semasa ke semasa (jarak). Disebabkan oleh perubahan suhu yang menjejaskan ciri serakan dalam gentian optik, keamatan cahaya berselerak belakang berubah. By analyzing the distribution of backscattered light intensity, temperature distribution information along the length direction of the optical fiber can be obtained.
Resolusi spatial: The spatial resolution of OTDR systems is generally on the order of meters. This means that it can distinguish temperature changes at a certain distance (in meters) on the fiber optic cable. Contohnya, in the structural health monitoring of large bridges, by combining distributed fiber optic temperature sensors with OTDR technology, temperature changes in different parts of the bridge (every few meters) boleh dipantau, thereby determining whether there are abnormal thermal stresses in the bridge structure.
The relationship between measurement accuracy and spatial resolution: Secara umumnya terdapat kekangan bersama antara ketepatan pengukuran dan resolusi spatial sistem. Biasanya, untuk meningkatkan resolusi spatial, tahap ketepatan pengukuran tertentu boleh dikorbankan, dan sebaliknya. Ini kerana apabila meningkatkan resolusi spatial, adalah perlu untuk menganalisis isyarat cahaya berselerak belakang dengan lebih halus, yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh faktor seperti bunyi bising, sekali gus mengurangkan ketepatan pengukuran.
4、 Pemakaian Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg
Penderia suhu parut Fiber Bragg mempunyai pelbagai aplikasi dalam pelbagai bidang.
Medan penerokaan minyak dan gas
Dalam proses pengekstrakan minyak dan gas, persekitaran bawah tanah adalah kompleks, dengan keadaan yang keras seperti suhu tinggi, tekanan tinggi, dan kakisan yang kuat. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors can be installed on underground equipment or pipelines to monitor temperature changes in real time. Contohnya, in the production string of an oil well, sensors can timely detect temperature increases caused by changes in formation temperature or frictional heating during the production process, providing a guarantee for safe production. Sementara itu, by monitoring the temperature distribution, the mining process can be optimized and the mining efficiency can be improved.
Aerospace field
Dalam industri aeroangkasa, there are extremely high requirements for the reliability and safety of equipment. The characteristics of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, such as small size, ringan, masa tindak balas yang cepat, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference and corrosion, make them very suitable for temperature monitoring in aircraft engines, aviation electronic equipment, dll. Installing fiber optic grating temperature sensors around high-temperature components such as combustion chambers and turbines in aircraft engines can monitor temperature in real-time and ensure that the engine operates within a safe temperature range. Selain itu, in the thermal protection system of spacecraft, sensors can monitor temperature changes, providing data support for the performance evaluation and optimization of thermal protection materials.
Medical diagnosis field
Accurate temperature control is crucial in medical devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) peralatan, laser therapy equipment, dll. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors can monitor the temperature of critical parts of equipment, preventing damage to patients and the equipment itself caused by overheating. Pada masa yang sama, in some minimally invasive medical surgeries, fiber optic grating temperature sensors can enter the human body through tiny fiber optic probes to monitor the temperature of tissues around the surgical site, providing guarantees for the safety and effectiveness of the surgery.
Industrial process control field
In various industrial production processes, such as chemical, metalurgi, dan industri tenaga, temperature is a key control parameter. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors can be used to monitor the temperature of equipment such as reaction vessels, relau, dan motor. Contohnya, in the chemical reaction kettle of chemical production, sensors can monitor the reaction temperature in real time to ensure that the reaction proceeds under optimal temperature conditions, improving product quality and production efficiency. Dalam sistem kuasa, temperature monitoring of high-voltage equipment, kabel, dll. in substations can timely detect potential fault hazards and avoid power accidents.
5、 Comparison of Three Types of Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors
In terms of measurement principles
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: measures temperature based on the change in fluorescence intensity or wavelength of fluorescent materials under temperature changes. Apabila bahan pendarfluor dipengaruhi oleh perubahan suhu, ciri pendarfluor mereka juga akan berubah. A typical fluorescent fiber optic temperature sensor includes a light source, gentian optik, bahan pendarfluor, and a spectral analyzer. The light source generates excitation light of a certain wavelength, which is transmitted to the fluorescent material through an optical fiber. The fluorescent material absorbs the excitation light and emits a fluorescence signal with a specific wavelength, which is then transmitted back to the spectrometer for detection through the optical fiber. Nilai suhu boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur keamatan atau panjang gelombang isyarat pendarfluor.
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: mainly based on scattering effects in optical fibers (seperti hamburan Rayleigh, Raman berselerak, Penyerakan Brillouin) and optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) technology to achieve temperature measurement. By injecting light pulses into the optical fiber, keamatan, kekerapan, and other characteristics of backscattered light can be detected as a function of time (jarak). Since temperature affects these scattering characteristics, temperature distribution information along the length direction of the optical fiber can be obtained.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: Utilizing the photosensitivity of fiber optic materials to form a spatial phase grating in the fiber core for temperature measurement. Kisi Fiber Bragg (FBG) is a type of fiber with a periodically changing refractive index. Apabila suhu berubah, panjang gelombang Bragg peralihan parut, membolehkan pengukuran suhu.
Dari segi ciri prestasi
ketepatan pengukuran
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: Ia mempunyai ketepatan pengukuran yang tinggi kerana bahan pendarfluor sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan suhu dan boleh mencerminkan perubahan suhu kecil dengan tepat..
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: Ketepatan pengukurannya dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor, seperti kerumitan kesan taburan dan resolusi teknologi OTDR. Dalam aplikasi praktikal, ketepatan pengesan suhu gentian optik teragih berdasarkan hamburan Raman secara amnya 1-2 ℃, tetapi dengan perkembangan teknologi, ketepatan juga sentiasa bertambah baik.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: Ketepatan tinggi, contohnya, beberapa penderia suhu parut Bragg gentian yang menggunakan teknik pembungkusan dan pengukuran khas boleh mencapai ketepatan 0.02 ℃.
kelajuan tindak balas
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: Dengan kelajuan tindak balas yang pantas, it can monitor temperature changes in real time and respond immediately, making it advantageous in situations where rapid temperature response is required.
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: The response speed depends on the emission frequency of the light pulse and the signal processing speed. Secara umumnya, it can meet the temperature monitoring needs in most practical applications, but may be slightly slower compared to fluorescent fiber optic temperature sensors.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: With fast response time, it can quickly sense temperature changes and output corresponding wavelength offset signals.
resolusi spatial
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: It has unique distributed measurement capabilities and can measure temperature distribution along the length of the fiber optic cable. The spatial resolution is generally on the order of meters (when using OTDR technology), and some systems that use advanced technologies (such as OFDR) can achieve millimeter level spatial resolution.
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: Although it can achieve distributed measurement, it mainly focuses on temperature measurement at multiple discrete points, and its spatial resolution is not as good as that of distributed fiber optic temperature sensors, which can continuously measure temperature distribution along the fiber optic.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: It usually measures the temperature at a specific location and does not have the continuous spatial resolution characteristics of distributed fiber optic temperature sensors.
Anti-interference ability
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: Ia tidak terjejas oleh isyarat gangguan dan boleh berfungsi secara normal dalam persekitaran elektromagnet yang kompleks. This is because its measurement principle based on optical signals has a natural immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: It also has good anti-interference ability because fiber optic itself is an insulator, and measurement is based on the optical signal in the fiber optic, which is not easily affected by external electromagnetic interference.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: It has strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, and due to its optical properties based on grating structure for temperature measurement, it also has good resistance to interference such as chemical corrosion and vibration in the environment.
Applicable temperature range
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: suitable for a wide range of environmental temperatures, dari serendah tolak Baidu hingga setinggi beberapa ratus darjah Celsius, and can adapt to temperature measurement needs in various extreme temperature environments.
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: Different types of distributed fiber optic temperature sensors have different temperature ranges, but they can generally cover a wide temperature range, such as common industrial and environmental temperature ranges from -50 ℃ kepada 150 ℃.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: It can work normally in both high and low temperature environments, contohnya, it can be used for temperature measurement range of -200 ℃ -800 ℃, depending on factors such as the material and packaging of the fiber Bragg grating.
In terms of application areas
Penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor: widely used for real-time temperature monitoring and control in fields such as medical diagnosis and energy management. Dalam bidang perubatan, it can be used for precise measurement of human body temperature and monitoring of organ temperature inside the body; In terms of energy management, temperature monitoring of power equipment, saluran paip haba, dll. can be carried out.
Pengesan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan: widely used in stress, ketegangan, and temperature monitoring of large structures (such as pipelines, offshore oil platforms, oil wells, empangan, tambak, jambatan, bangunan, terowong, kabel, dll.), pengesanan kebocoran (liquid or natural gas pipelines, proses perindustrian, empangan, kereta kebal, dll.), pengangkutan (ice detection on road surfaces, railway monitoring, dll.), sistem keselamatan (fire or overheating temperature detection, pemantauan kabel kuasa, signal eavesdropping monitoring, garbage disposal station monitoring, landslide monitoring, dll.), komunikasi gentian optik (fiber optic cable production online control, fiber optic cable maintenance, work cable strain monitoring, fiber optic impurity measurement, dll.), environmental measurement (terma, pengudaraan, and air conditions, long-term temperature measurement of external oceans, forests, and outdoor places), dll. The application.
Penderia Suhu Grating Fiber Bragg: It has been widely used in various environmental monitoring fields such as oil and gas exploration, aeroangkasa, medical diagnosis, dan kawalan proses perindustrian. Used for temperature monitoring of downhole equipment and pipelines in the oil and gas industry; Temperature monitoring for aircraft engines, aviation electronic equipment, dll. in the aerospace field; Digunakan dalam bidang perubatan untuk kawalan suhu peralatan perubatan dan pemantauan suhu tapak pembedahan; Digunakan dalam bidang perindustrian untuk pemantauan suhu pelbagai peralatan dan proses pengeluaran.
Sensor suhu gentian optik, Sistem pemantauan pintar, Pengeluar gentian optik yang diedarkan di China
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