Penderia suhu gentian optik INNO ,sistem pemantauan suhu.
The fluorescence fiber optic temperature measurement system has the advantages of high voltage resistance, tiada gangguan elektromagnet, keselamatan intrinsik, kebolehpercayaan jangka panjang, and easy scalability. It can monitor the temperature of various monitoring points such as high-voltage switchgear and ring main unit in power generation and supply systems in real time online. It has RS485 and fiber optic communication interfaces, MODBUS, IEC61850 communication protocols, and can provide a backend system and dedicated software, making the switchgear further intelligent, digital, and networked, suitable for all the needs of intelligent substations.
There are various methods for monitoring the temperature of switchgear, and the following are common ones:
Traditional contact temperature measurement: using traditional contact temperature sensors (seperti termokopel, integrated temperature sensors, dll.) untuk pengukuran suhu. The sensor signal processing circuit is installed on the high-voltage bus, and the power is obtained from the high-voltage bus through an induction coil, transmitting signals through metal wires. Namun begitu, this method has some limitations, such as limited internal space of the switchgear, difficult installation, and the possibility of reducing the insulation clearance inside the switchgear, which cannot guarantee stable insulation performance. Oleh itu, it cannot be used on contacts and cable joints inside high-voltage switchgear.
Temperature recording label: The label is made using the principle of temperature sensitive color change and attached to the tested equipment. When the temperature of the tested point is higher than the rated color changing temperature of the label, the color of the label will change, and it has the function of color recording after overheating. The disadvantage is that it cannot reflect real-time temperature values and requires regular manual inspections.
Pengukuran suhu gentian optik: Install fiber optic temperature sensors on the surface of electrical contacts, connect them to a fiber optic demodulator installed in the cabinet through optical cables, and output corresponding temperature data from the fiber optic demodulator. Namun begitu, fiber optic temperature measuring instruments use optical fibers to transmit signals, which have the disadvantages of being easily bent, rosak, and not resistant to high temperatures. It is difficult to wire inside the cabinet, and the cost is high, making it difficult to construct and maintain. Oleh itu, it is not suitable for temperature measurement in distribution cabinets.
Pengukuran suhu tanpa wayar: The thermal defect detection system based on wireless temperature measurement integrates computer, komunikasi, anti gangguan elektromagnet, digital sensing, and industrial fieldbus technology. The system consists of wireless temperature sensors (kuar), temperature measurement communication terminals, temperature measurement workstations, and temperature measurement management centers. The system directly installs the wireless temperature sensor on the high-voltage contact, and transmits the signal to the wireless receiving terminal through wireless transmission technology. After signal processing and decoding, the receiving device transmits the temperature data to the main control computer management device for analysis and processing.
Infrared probe temperature measurement: Install several infrared temperature measurement probes in the switchgear cabinet to determine its temperature by receiving infrared radiation signals from electrical contacts. Namun begitu, this method is easily affected by the obstruction of infrared radiation paths by internal components of the switchgear, and cannot accurately measure the contact temperature, making it unsuitable for online temperature measurement of power distribution equipment.
Ciri-ciri Fluorescent Fiber in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear
（1） High electromagnetic immunity, voltage resistance, and insulation performance
The fluorescent fiber optic temperature measurement device has extremely strong electromagnetic immunity, voltage resistance, and insulation performance. In electrical equipment environments with high current, voltan tinggi, electromagnetic field radiation, lonjakan, denyutan elektrik, dll., seperti alat suis, it can operate stably. Contohnya, ia boleh menahan lebih daripada 140kV voltan frekuensi kuasa dalam jarak merangkak 30cm, memenuhi sepenuhnya penebat menahan keperluan voltan suis. Ini membolehkan ia berfungsi dengan tepat dan boleh dipercayai dalam pemantauan suhu suis tanpa terjejas oleh persekitaran elektromagnet yang kuat di dalam suis, mengakibatkan ralat atau kegagalan pengukuran.
（2） Penderiaan suhu adalah sensitif dan sangat tepat
Sensitif suhu: Ia boleh mengumpul maklumat suhu masa nyata kenalan dan kabel kabinet suis, dan cepat bertindak balas terhadap perubahan suhu. Ini membantu untuk mengesan potensi bahaya terlalu panas dalam suis dengan cara yang tepat pada masanya, such as detecting the rising trend of temperature quickly when the contact is poor or the cable is overloaded and begins to heat up.
The temperature measurement accuracy can reach ± 1: High precision temperature measurement is very important for temperature monitoring of switchgear. Accurate temperature data can provide reliable basis for judging the operating status of switchgear, such as determining whether there is local overheating or whether the equipment is operating normally, avoiding misjudgment of equipment status due to temperature measurement errors.
（3） Rich system functions
Diverse alarm functions
Exceeding threshold alarm: When the temperature value exceeds the threshold, an alarm is triggered and two levels of thresholds can be set. This can distinguish different degrees of temperature anomalies, such as mild and severe overheating, and different measures can be taken for different situations.
Beyond temperature difference alarm: When the temperature difference between the highest and lowest temperatures between test points within a certain range exceeds the set value (ambang boleh ditetapkan), an alarm is triggered. This alarm method helps to detect temperature imbalances between different parts of the switchgear, which may indicate poor contact or uneven heat dissipation in certain areas.
Penggera kadar perubahan perbezaan suhu: Jika perubahan suhu melebihi nilai yang ditetapkan (ambang boleh ditetapkan) dalam tempoh masa tertentu, an alarm will be triggered. By monitoring the rate of temperature change, rapid temperature increases or decreases can be detected in a timely manner. Contohnya, in the event of a short circuit or sudden overload, the rate of temperature change will rapidly increase, triggering an alarm.
Penggera kerosakan sistem: The system monitors the performance status of the fiber optic temperature probe and the connection status of the fiber optic, menyedari diagnosis dan ujian diri, dan segera menggesa kerosakan sistem. This ensures the reliability of the entire temperature monitoring system and avoids situations where temperature cannot be accurately monitored due to system malfunctions.
Powerful backend monitoring function
Real time display of temperature information: The backend monitoring software system can display real-time temperature information of various contacts in the current switchgear, making it convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to grasp the temperature status inside the switchgear at any time.
Data storage and analysis: It can store real-time curves and historical data of temperature information for each contact point in the past month. Using various diagnostic methods to analyze the health status of equipment, including analysis of all equipment parameter limit alarms and other judgment methods, untuk memantau status operasi suis voltan tinggi tepat pada masanya.
Report generation and export: The system can automatically and manually generate various periodic reports and export and print them. Laporan yang dieksport boleh diedit dan dilihat melalui perisian Excel. Pada masa yang sama, sistem ini mempunyai fungsi paparan lengkung suhu masa nyata dan sejarah, dan keluk boleh mencerminkan dengan tepat keluk pemantauan masa nyata dan keluk perubahan suhu objek yang dipantau pada titik tertentu dalam tempoh masa tertentu.
（4） Small probe size and high reliability of temperature sensing material
Extremely small probe size: The penderia suhu gentian optik pendarfluor probe size is extremely small and can be directly installed on the measured point, which can achieve accurate temperature measurement of switch cabinet contacts, sambungan kabel, and other parts without affecting the internal structure and equipment operation of the switch cabinet.
High reliability of temperature sensing materials: Bahan penderia suhu bagi penderia suhu ialah bahan nadir bumi yang hanya sensitif kepada suhu. Kestabilan jangka panjang bahan ini telah disahkan sepenuhnya, dan sistem yang berkaitan telah berjaya digunakan untuk pemantauan peralatan selama lebih daripada 30 tahun, memastikan ketepatan dan kebolehpercayaan pemantauan suhu semasa operasi jangka panjang suis.
（5） Kestabilan tinggi seni bina sistem teragih
Untuk sistem yang benar-benar teragih yang boleh dikonfigurasikan secara fleksibel, setiap unit pengukuran suhu adalah bebas antara satu sama lain dan tidak menjejaskan satu sama lain. Ia tidak akan menyebabkan keseluruhan sistem gagal disebabkan oleh pengaruh satu pautan, dan mempunyai ketahanan yang baik, kebolehpercayaan, dan kestabilan. This feature allows for the normal operation of other units in switchgear temperature monitoring, even if a temperature measurement unit fails, without affecting the overall operation of the switchgear temperature monitoring system, thereby improving the system’s fault tolerance and overall reliability.
Ciri-ciri Distributed Optical Fiber in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear
（1） In terms of measurement performance
Rintangan suhu tinggi, rintangan kakisan, and strong electromagnetic interference resistance: The gentian optik teragih peranti pemantauan suhu, with its ultra long temperature sensing fiber, can exhibit multiple characteristics such as high temperature resistance, rintangan kakisan, rintangan gangguan elektromagnet yang kuat, dan rintangan kakisan. Dalam alat suis, there are high voltages, arus tinggi, and complex electromagnetic environments. Distributed optical fibers can adapt to such harsh environments to accurately measure the temperature of the area where the fibers are laid, dan boleh memberi maklum balas dengan cepat lokasi khusus titik abnormal apabila suhu tidak normal. Contohnya, dalam alat suis pencawang, gentian optik teragih boleh berfungsi secara stabil dalam menghadapi haba yang dihasilkan oleh arus tinggi, sinaran elektromagnet, dan kemungkinan faktor kakisan, tanpa gangguan atau kerosakan seperti sesetengah penderia suhu tradisional.
Titik pengesanan yang berterusan dan luas: Titik pengesanannya adalah berterusan dan boleh mengesan secara menyeluruh keadaan setiap titik objek yang dipantau (pelbagai bahagian di dalam suis), dengan julat pengesanan yang besar. Being able to conduct comprehensive temperature monitoring inside the switchgear without blind spots can help accurately grasp the overall temperature distribution inside the switchgear and detect potential local overheating hazards in a timely manner. Contohnya, temperature changes in different parts such as busbars, kenalan, and cable joints can be detected to comprehensively evaluate the operating status of the switchgear.
Kedudukan yang tepat: When abnormal temperature is detected, distributed optical fibers can accurately and timely determine the type of temperature change, display the temperature reading and location of the accident point. This is very important for quickly locating the overheating fault point inside the switchgear. The operation and maintenance personnel can quickly take measures for maintenance based on the positioning information, reduce the fault handling time, and improve the reliability of the switchgear operation. Contohnya, in situations where the internal structure of a switchgear is complex and there are numerous components, it is possible to accurately identify which specific contact or cable joint has experienced overheating issues.
（2） In terms of system functionality
Multi functional host: The distributed fiber optic temperature measurement host integrates diverse functions such as signal processing, signal analysis, high temperature warning, dan penghantaran data, enabling the entire system to continuously monitor a large area for a long time, thereby timely discovering potential safety hazards, implementing maintenance, and effectively reducing the probability of safety accidents. Contohnya, it can perform real-time analysis on the collected temperature data to determine if there are any abnormal temperature conditions. Once an abnormality is detected, it can promptly issue a warning signal and transmit the relevant data to the operation and maintenance personnel.
Powerful display and analysis capabilities
Visualisasi data: The system can display the temperature change curves of multiple optical fibers, the status of each node, key operating parameters, and detailed statistical information in real time and dynamically, presenting users with a clear and intuitive data view. Operation and maintenance personnel can intuitively understand the trend of temperature changes inside the switchgear and the temperature status of various parts through this information, yang membantu menilai secara menyeluruh status pengendalian alat suis.
Analisis dan kedudukan yang tidak normal: Peranti pemantauan suhu gentian optik yang diedarkan mempunyai fungsi analisis yang berkuasa, yang boleh menganalisis dengan tepat data suhu yang dihantar balik oleh gentian pengesan suhu dan mencari lokasi suhu tidak normal. Sama ada kenaikan suhu yang perlahan atau kemuncak suhu yang mendadak, ia boleh dianalisis dan dikesan dengan tepat, yang sangat penting untuk pengesanan awal kemungkinan kerosakan pada gear suis, seperti kenaikan suhu tempatan yang disebabkan oleh sentuhan yang lemah atau keabnormalan suhu keseluruhan yang disebabkan oleh masalah pelesapan haba.
Fungsi pertanyaan dan penggera yang mudah
Pertanyaan yang mudah: Sistem ini menyediakan fungsi pertanyaan yang mudah, allowing users to easily retrieve the exact time and location of temperature anomalies, greatly improving the efficiency of maintenance work. In the daily maintenance and troubleshooting of switchgear, the ability to quickly obtain historical temperature data and abnormal event information is helpful for analyzing the operation status and fault causes of the switchgear.
Timely and effective alarm: The system is also equipped with an alarm function. Once an abnormal situation is detected, it can quickly drive external sound and light alarm devices and other linkage devices through relay output to ensure timely and effective handling of abnormal situations. Contohnya, when the temperature of a certain part inside the switchgear exceeds the set safety threshold, an audible and visual alarm can be immediately issued to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take measures to avoid accidents.
Stable operation guarantee: The built-in watchdog program can monitor the real-time running status of the system, effectively preventing program crashes and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the system. During the long-term operation of the switchgear, this stability guarantee can ensure that the temperature monitoring system always works normally and will not be interrupted due to system failures, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire switchgear operation.
Characteristics of Wireless Method in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear
（1） Installation and power supply advantages
Kemudahan pemasangan: Wireless temperature sensors can be directly installed on monitored parts such as high-voltage contacts, without the need for complex wiring. In the case of limited space and complex structure inside the switchgear, this installation method will not affect the original structure of the switchgear, nor will it interfere with the normal operation of other equipment. Contohnya, wireless temperature sensors can be conveniently installed in various switchgear such as central cabinets, handcart cabinets, fixed cabinets, and ring main units to monitor the temperature of contact/cable overlap heads.
Solving the problem of power supply: The system using passive wireless sensing technology, such as surface acoustic wave resonators to achieve passive temperature detection, solves the problem of sensor power supply. The problems of short battery life and difficulty in replacement, as well as difficulty in controlling the current size and installation of mutual inductance energy harvesting, have been improved in traditional active wireless temperature measurement methods where sensor probes and wireless transmission circuits are powered by batteries or small current transformers. Contohnya, in some switchgear application scenarios where frequent maintenance is difficult or battery replacement is inconvenient, passive wireless temperature measurement methods have great advantages19.
（2） Electrical Insulation and Safety
Good electrical insulation: The wireless working mode physically isolates the high-voltage side from the low-voltage side, avoiding insulation risks that may arise from electrical connections. Dalam alat suis, due to the presence of high voltage, good insulation is crucial for the safe operation of temperature monitoring devices. Wireless temperature measurement can effectively prevent equipment failures and safety accidents caused by insulation problems.
High safety of equipotential measurement: The wireless temperature control device for switchgear has the characteristics of low power consumption and equipotential measurement. Equipotential measurement can reduce potential safety hazards caused by potential differences, ensure that temperature monitoring during the operation of the switchgear does not affect the electrical safety performance of the switchgear, and also ensure the safety of measurement personnel during maintenance and repair work.
（3） Data transmission and monitoring function
Wireless data transmission facilitates networking: temperature data is transmitted through wireless communication without the need for laying a large number of cables or optical cables. This method makes data transmission more flexible, facilitates networking, and enables centralized monitoring of multiple switchgear or monitoring points. Contohnya, when there are numerous switchgear in a large substation that require temperature monitoring, a wireless temperature measurement network can be easily constructed to transmit temperature data from each switchgear to the monitoring center 20.
Feature rich monitoring platform: The monitoring platform of the wireless temperature measurement system has multiple functions, such as data display, analisis, penggera, dll. It can display temperature data in real-time, support historical curve calling, and administrators can adjust temperature alarm customization settings through permissions. The system also has fault display and database functions for storing temperature values for historical queries. Contohnya, data can be recorded every 5 minit, which can save 24 months of historical data, making it convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to grasp the on-site temperature situation at any time and carry out corresponding processing.
（4） Measurement accuracy and response speed
Ketepatan pengukuran yang tinggi: The wireless temperature measurement system adopts imported high-precision digital temperature sensors, and the measurement accuracy can reach ± 1 ℃. Being able to accurately measure the temperature of the monitored parts inside the switchgear provides reliable temperature data basis for judging the operating status of the equipment, which helps to detect temperature anomalies in a timely manner, such as overheating of contacts and temperature rise of cable joints.
Kelajuan tindak balas yang cepat: It can quickly collect and transmit temperature data, ensuring timely and accurate data recording and analysis. This is very important for equipment such as switchgear that requires timely detection of temperature anomalies to avoid malfunctions. Contohnya, when a short circuit or overload occurs inside the switchgear, causing a sharp rise in temperature, the wireless temperature measurement system can quickly feedback the temperature changes to the monitoring system in order to take corresponding measures.
Characteristics of Infrared in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear
（1） Non contact measurement
Does not affect equipment operation: Pengukuran suhu inframerah menentukan suhunya dengan menerima isyarat sinaran inframerah daripada sentuhan elektrik. Kaedah pengukuran bukan sentuhan ini boleh mengesan suhu tanpa menghentikan peralatan semasa memantau peralatan elektrik. Untuk peralatan seperti suis yang tidak boleh dimatikan dengan mudah untuk ujian, ia sangat sesuai. Pemantauan suhu kenalan dalaman, bar bas, dan bahagian lain boleh dijalankan tanpa menjejaskan bekalan kuasa biasa alat suis, memastikan operasi berterusan sistem kuasa.
Mengurangkan risiko kerosakan peralatan: Oleh kerana tidak ada keperluan untuk sentuhan langsung dengan peralatan yang dipantau, ia mengelakkan kemungkinan kerosakan pada peralatan semasa proses sentuhan, seperti calar, litar pintas, dan risiko lain. Pada masa yang sama, it also reduces the potential safety hazards caused by contact measurement, such as non-contact measurement being safer and more reliable in high voltage and high current environments inside switchgear.
（2） Limitations of Measurement
Easy to be affected by obstruction: The infrared probe temperature measurement method is easily affected by the obstruction of the infrared radiation path by the internal components of the switchgear, which cannot accurately measure the contact temperature and is not suitable for online temperature measurement of power distribution equipment. The internal structure of the switchgear is complex, with numerous components, litar, dll., which may block the propagation path of infrared radiation, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. Contohnya, in some compact switchgear, komponen seperti busbar dan suis pengasingan boleh menyekat sinaran inframerah yang dipancarkan oleh sesentuh, menjadikannya mustahil untuk probe suhu inframerah menerima isyarat inframerah yang tepat dan mengukur suhu kenalan dengan tepat.
Keupayaan penembusan yang lemah dan kesan alam sekitar yang tinggi: Keupayaan penembusan sinaran inframerah tidak begitu kuat, terutamanya apabila terjumpa objek keras atau kepingan besi tebal, keupayaannya sangat berkurangan. Lebih-lebih lagi, sinaran inframerah sangat bergantung kepada persekitaran luaran, dan persekitaran yang berbeza juga akan menjejaskan ketepatan penghantaran maklumat suhu. Dalam alat suis, jika terdapat pengedap pengecutan haba penebat, penutup pelindung logam, dll., ia akan memberi kesan serius kepada penembusan sinaran inframerah, sekali gus menjejaskan ketepatan pengukuran suhu. Selain itu, faktor seperti suhu persekitaran, kelembapan, and dust can also interfere with the results of infrared temperature measurement. Contohnya, in humid or dusty environments, the propagation of infrared radiation can be affected, leading to increased measurement errors.
Sensor suhu gentian optik, Sistem pemantauan pintar, Pengeluar gentian optik yang diedarkan di China
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