How to deal with faults in 10kV switchgear-INNO

10kV switchgear structure

The 10kV switchgear used in the mine is generally composed of two main parts: circuit breakers and cabinets. The cabinets are physically divided into busbar room, ruang kendali, outgoing room, and circuit breaker room. Due to the harsh mining environment and heavy loads, there are higher requirements for the reliability of equipment operation. Its notable features are narrow space and compact structure.

Common faults of 10kV switchgear

With the rapid development of science and technology, the quality and reliability of 10kV switchgear have been significantly improved, and the failure rate of equipment has been greatly reduced. Namun, due to the large load in the mine and the harsh environment, serta switchgear 10kV yang bekerja di lingkungan tegangan tinggi dan arus tinggi, sulit untuk menghindari kegagalan peralatan.

Di antara kesalahan umum switchgear 10kV, pemanas, isolasi, dan kegagalan komponen menempati posisi tiga teratas, akuntansi untuk 48.15%, 27.78%, Dan 11.11% masing-masing, berjumlah 87.04%. Terjadinya gangguan ini mempunyai dampak buruk yang serius terhadap keamanan pasokan listrik di tambang, dan tindakan teknis yang efektif harus diambil untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan. Meskipun kesalahan mekanis dan kesalahan lainnya hanya menyebabkan sebagian kecil, kejadiannya mempunyai dampak yang sangat buruk terhadap produksi normal tambang.

Analisis penyebab gangguan pada switchgear 10kV

10kesalahan pemanasan switchgear kV

Selama pengoperasian switchgear, sumber utama pembangkitan panas berasal dari rangkaian konduktif, khusus dari posisi bersama, conductor heating, eddy current heating, dan bagian lainnya. If the heat generation of the equipment is higher than the heat dissipation of the switchgear, it will cause the temperature of the switchgear to increase, dan dalam kasus yang parah, it can cause malfunctions. Joint heating mainly occurs at knife switch joints, joint positions, transformer connecting plates, and other locations where there may be poor contact, or due to electrochemical corrosion, the equipment may have poor contact, resulting in sparks or heating. The main reason for conductor heating is the heating of the busbar in the busbar room. The busbar passes through a high current value for a long time. When the switchgear load is high, the heating of the busbar is more obvious. Due to the limitations of production technology and conditions, sulit untuk menghindari kotoran pada busbar yang dihasilkan, yang meningkatkan nilai resistivitas dan juga meningkatkan pembangkitan panas busbar. Pemanasan arus eddy terutama disebabkan oleh sirkulasi arus beban akibat efek partisi pelat baja di dalam switchgear, menyebabkan pemanasan. Semakin besar arus beban, semakin parah fenomena pemanasan arus eddy.

Kesalahan isolasi switchgear 10kV

Pelepasan isolasi merupakan faktor utama penyebab kesalahan isolasi pada switchgear, seperti flashover tanah, flashover fasa ke fasa konduktor, dan flashover botol porselen pilar. Ketika kekuatan insulasi insulasi atau celah antara isolator di dalam switchgear tidak cukup untuk memenuhi persyaratan insulasi, pelepasan dapat terjadi selama pengoperasian di lingkungan bertegangan tinggi. Dalam kasus yang parah, penetrasi langsung insulasi dapat terjadi, menyebabkan kesalahan isolasi. Lingkungan pengoperasian switchgear 10kV yang keras di tambang merupakan alasan penting terjadinya kesalahan isolasi, dengan yang paling khas adalah terjadinya flashover polusi. Ada banyak debu di lingkungan pertambangan, dan karena akumulasi waktu, ada banyak polusi di isolator, selongsong dan komponen lain di dalam switchgear. Ketika kelembaban udara tinggi dan penyangga isolator berada dekat dengan titik kebocoran, sangat mudah menyebabkan terjadinya flashover polusi.

10kegagalan komponen switchgear kV

Ada banyak komponen presisi di dalam switchgear, which are prone to malfunctions under long-term high load operation. Diantaranya, the probability of live displays malfunctioning is relatively high, and many 10kV switchgear live displays in mines are in a faulty state, which is virtually non-existent and cannot be used on site; The main reasons for the failure of voltage transformers are due to equipment installation and debugging, equipment quality, equipment overvoltage, and short circuits on the secondary side; The main causes of lightning arrester failure are seal failure, porcelain contamination, and aging of valve plates due to prolonged equipment operation. When the seal fails, it will cause moisture and dust from the external environment to enter the interior of the lightning arrester, causing insulation degradation and accelerating the aging process of the valve plate. Pada saat yang sama, when the porcelain sleeve is contaminated, it will cause uneven voltage distribution inside the resistor plate and intensify the aging of the resistor plate.

Mechanical failure of 10kV switchgear

The most common mechanical faults that occur in switchgear include broken pull rods, bent or deformed operating components (or localized fractures), broken transmission pins, and broken pull rods. These mechanical faults can cause the connecting rods to fall off, resulting in short circuits in the internal circuits of the switchgear and single-phase grounding accidents. Dalam kasus yang parah, it can lead to insensitive operation of the entire switchgear, and even the inability to close or open the switch. In addition to the above faults, alasan utama terjadinya kesalahan lain pada switchgear adalah kesalahan pengoperasian operator dan personel pemeliharaan, atau ular, tikus, dll.. memasuki switchgear, menyebabkan korsleting pada peralatan.

Tindakan pemecahan masalah umum untuk switchgear 10kV

Melaksanakan instalasi peralatan dan debugging bekerja dengan baik

Ketika switchgear 10kV diangkut ke gardu induk permukaan tambang, pekerjaan instalasi dan debugging harus diperkuat untuk meletakkan dasar bagi pengoperasian peralatan yang berkelanjutan dan stabil di masa depan. Debugging lengkap pada switchgear merupakan sarana penting untuk pemecahan masalah awal atas kesalahan peralatan. Saat men-debug switchgear, perlu untuk menghilangkan apakah celah insulasi di dalam peralatan memenuhi persyaratan, apakah terjadi kemacetan pada transmisi, and other situations that do not meet the requirements, in order to create good conditions for future equipment operation. When equipment malfunctions are found during the installation and debugging process, the installation and debugging personnel should immediately report to the mine management personnel and communicate with the equipment manufacturer for handling.

Improve the insulation performance of switchgear

Due to the harsh environment in which the mine is located, high equipment workload, and the need to work for a long time in a high-voltage environment, higher requirements are placed on the insulation performance of the switchgear. Mining 10kV switchgear should pay attention to the insulation performance of the equipment in the early stage of material selection. Bahan berstandar tinggi dan berkualitas tinggi dapat membuat switchgear bekerja lebih baik dan mengurangi kemungkinan kegagalan isolasi peralatan. Saat memilih switchgear, hal pertama yang harus dipilih adalah menggunakan bahan insulasi organik dengan kinerja insulasi yang lebih baik. Pada saat yang sama, komponen yang digunakan di dalam switchgear harus memiliki kinerja isolasi yang lebih baik, dan harus ada sekat tahan api di tengahnya. Trafo tegangan harus memberikan perhatian khusus pada karakteristik volt amperenya. Untuk switchgear yang sudah lama beroperasi, perhatian harus diberikan pada pembersihan peralatan untuk meminimalkan kemungkinan kegagalan switchgear yang disebabkan oleh debu.

Tutup switchgear dengan benar

Kinerja penyegelan switchgear berkaitan erat dengan pengoperasiannya yang aman, and good sealing is an important condition to ensure the safe and efficient operation of switchgear. Pertama, the protection level of the internal partitions of the switchgear should be strengthened. The internal structure of the switchgear mainly includes circuit breakers, busbar, dan kabel. These components are divided into small compartments using flame-retardant insulation partitions. If a compartment malfunctions, it will not cause adjacent compartments to malfunction, preventing the fault from expanding. The plugs used inside the equipment should be covered with insulation to protect the safety of operators and maintenance personnel.

In terms of mechanical operation of the switchgear, it is necessary to strictly observe according to regulations and replace it in a timely manner when problems are found.

Strengthen the regular maintenance and management of switchgear based on the actual situation of the mine. Based on the specific model and service life of the equipment, a reasonable equipment maintenance and repair plan should be formulated. In the specific implementation process, targeted maintenance and repair should be carried out according to the actual situation of the equipment, while following the rules and regulations. When maintaining the equipment, pay attention to observing whether the switchgear has any odor, color, suara, getaran, or other abnormalities. After discovering the above issues, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the switchgear.

Strengthen the inspection of the switchgear and timely grasp the operating status of the switchgear. During the inspection process of the switchgear, be careful and meticulous. Sometimes, a small discharge inside the switchgear may turn into an insulation accident during the next inspection. Pada saat yang sama, infrared equipment is used to detect the conductive lines and connections inside the switchgear that are prone to temperature abnormalities. Once abnormalities are detected, the working load of the switchgear should be appropriately reduced to avoid further temperature rise and cause faults.

Develop preventive measures

For the malfunction of 10kV switchgear caused by misoperation, di satu sisi, the mine should establish reliable and complete rules and regulations, and strictly implement them. Di sisi lain, it should strengthen the training of switchgear maintenance and repair personnel, improve their professional skills, and prevent misoperation. During the daily inspection of the switchgear, any problems found should be promptly reported and dealt with.

10kV switchgear is widely used in mines, and due to the harsh mining environment, the switchgear operates at high loads for a long time. The problems and types of faults that occur during operation are also diverse. Karena itu, the author has conducted a statistical analysis of common faults in switch cabinets in mines in recent years, summarized the common types of faults, and proposed targeted measures from the installation and debugging of switch cabinets, improving insulation performance of switch cabinets, doing well in switch cabinet sealing, strengthening regular maintenance and management of switch cabinets, dan merumuskan langkah-langkah pencegahan untuk mengurangi kemungkinan kesalahan pada kabinet saklar 10kV dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasokan listrik tambang.