The principle and characteristics of fiber optic grating sensors-INNO

Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, na maendeleo ya haraka ya teknolojia ya fiber optic, idadi kubwa ya aina mpya za nyuzi na vifaa vya fiber optic vimejitokeza. Wakati huo huo, kwa kutumia vyanzo mbalimbali vya mwanga na vigunduzi vya nyuzi macho, teknolojia ya kuhisi nyuzi za macho imefanya maendeleo makubwa katika maendeleo ya kiteknolojia na matumizi ya vitendo.

Sensorer za optic za nyuzi, kama matumizi muhimu ya nyuzi za macho, wanapokea uangalizi unaoongezeka kutokana na udogo wao, uzito mwepesi, na unyeti wa juu. Wana faida zisizo na kifani katika kuzuia kuingiliwa kwa shamba la sumaku, kutu, kuzuia maji, na upinzani wa joto la juu na shinikizo ikilinganishwa na sensorer za jadi za elektroniki.
Teknolojia ya kuhisi wavu wa fiber optic ni tawi muhimu la uwanja wa teknolojia ya kuhisi ya fiber optic. Its sensing principle is that the center wavelength of the fiber optic grating shifts due to changes in external physical parameters. By monitoring the size of the center wavelength of the fiber optic grating, specific information of the physical parameters is obtained, thereby achieving sensing. Fiber optic grating sensor is a wavelength modulated fiber optic sensor that, in addition to the characteristics of ordinary fiber optic sensors, has higher measurement accuracy, better resolution, and is more suitable for distributed measurement.

Principle and Application Characteristics of Sensorer za Fiber Bragg Grating

Due to the light induced effect, a grating effect can be generated in germanium doped fibers, resulting in the successful production of the world’s first fiber grating. Since then, the basic principles, fabrication methods, and practical applications of fiber Bragg gratings have been extensively studied by a large number of researchers.
The main material of optical fibers is quartz, which is composed of a core layer and a cladding layer, and the outer layer is protected by a coating layer. By doping the core layer, the refractive index (n1) of the core layer is greater than that of the cladding layer (n2), forming an optical waveguide where light can propagate within the core layer. When the optical fiber is modulated by external factors, the refractive index of the core layer undergoes periodic changes, forming a fiber grating. The phase mask method is currently the most convenient and effective method for producing fiber Bragg gratings, simplifying the production process and reducing production costs. Kuna aina mbalimbali za gratings za fiber Bragg, kati ya ambayo moja ya kawaida ni fiber Bragg grating (FBG), ambayo pia ni mojawapo ya gratings za awali zilizotengenezwa na zinazotumiwa sana za Bragg.

Kanuni za Msingi za Kuhisi za Fiber Bragg Grating

Kwa kuunda wavu wa awamu ya anga kwenye msingi wa fiber optic kwa njia fulani, wakati mwanga unapita kupitia wavu wa fiber optic, uunganisho wa modi hutokea kati ya upitishaji wa mbele na wa nyuma wa njia za msingi za fiber optic, kusababisha usambazaji wa mbele wa modi ya msingi ya fiber optic kuhamishia kwa upitishaji wa nyuma wa modi ya msingi ya fiber optic.. Hiyo ni, mwanga wa tukio wenye urefu wa mawimbi unaoakisiwa katikati ya wavu wa optic ya nyuzi (l B) inaakisiwa, na urefu wa kuakisi wa kituo cha fiber optic grating is affected by strain and temperature. By monitoring the magnitude of the center reflection wavelength of the fiber optic grating, corresponding strain and temperature sensing can be achieved. Other physical parameters such as pressure, kuhama, nk. can be converted into factors such as temperature or pressure that directly affect the fiber optic grating
By doing so, fiber Bragg gratings can be used to achieve sensing of various physical parameters.

Application characteristics of fiber optic gratings

Based on the material and structural characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings, as well as their sensing principles, they have many significant advantages.

(1) Ukubwa mdogo, uzito mwepesi, muundo rahisi, and variable appearance.

Kwa kawaida, fiber Bragg gratings are only 3-5 cm long and have a lightweight fiber. The fiber Bragg grating sensing head is a small, kunyumbulika, and portable device that can be packaged according to the actual use of fiber Bragg grating sensors to meet different sensing needs.

(2) Good chemical stability.

The main component material of fiber optic grating is silicon dioxide, which has good chemical stability. Kwa hiyo, fiber optic grating sensors have strong corrosion resistance and are suitable for harsh environments with chemical corrosion, as well as various biological environments.

(3) Good physical stability.

The main component material of fiber optic gratings is silicon dioxide, so fiber optic gratings are electrically insulating, isiyo na maji, and resistant to high temperature and high pressure.

(4) Haiathiriwi na kuingiliwa kwa sumakuumeme.

Due to the working principle of fiber optic gratings, zina sifa ya kuwa kinga dhidi ya kuingiliwa na sumakuumeme na zinafaa hasa kwa mazingira magumu yenye nguvu ya juu ya mionzi., kama vile utambuzi wa kimatibabu katika mazingira maalum kama vile majaribio ya sumaku ya nyuklia.

(5) Unyeti wa juu wa kuhisi.

Fiber Bragg Grating hufaulu kuhisi kwa kufuatilia mabadiliko katika urefu wa mawimbi unaoakisiwa wa kituo, kusababisha unyeti wa juu wa kipimo. Kwa sababu ya mabadiliko madogo sana katika ugunduzi mwingi wa matibabu, baadhi ya sensorer za kawaida haziwezi kupima mabadiliko. Kwa hiyo, sifa hii ya fiber Bragg grating inahakikisha utumikaji wake katika nyanja ya kuhisi kifaa cha matibabu.

(6) Usahihi wa kipimo cha juu.

Kulingana na kanuni ya kuhisi ya wavu wa fiber optic, haiathiriwi na mambo mengine kama vile vyanzo vya mwanga, na usahihi wa kipimo chake ni cha juu. Hata hivyo, medical sensors have high requirements for measurement accuracy, which makes the characteristic of fiber optic grating better meet the measurement accuracy requirements of medical sensors.

(7) Distributed real-time measurement.

Multiple multiplexing techniques can be used to connect multiple fiber Bragg gratings in series, forming a distributed sensing network to measure the physical quantities of multiple points. The measurement data is transmitted in real-time to the detector through optical fibers, ultimately achieving real-time detection of multiple physical quantities. This feature can meet the requirements of multi parameter measurement for medical sensors.

(8) Wide measurement range.

By designing the structure and packaging of fiber Bragg gratings, various physical parameters such as strain, joto, shinikizo, rotational speed, pH value, and humidity can be measured.