ट्रांसफार्मर वाइंडिंग्स का तापमान कैसे मापें

ट्रांसफार्मर वाइंडिंग्स के तापमान की निगरानी उनके सुरक्षित संचालन को सुनिश्चित करने की कुंजी है. सामान्य तापमान माप विधियाँ और सावधानियाँ निम्नलिखित हैं, विश्वसनीयता और अनुप्रयोग परिदृश्यों द्वारा वर्गीकृत:

1. प्रत्यक्ष माप विधि (सबसे सटीक)

फाइबर ऑप्टिक तापमान माप प्रणाली (अनुशंसित)
सिद्धांत: फाइबर ऑप्टिक सेंसर (जैसे फ्लोरोसेंट फाइबर या एफबीजी फाइबर) तार के तापमान को सीधे मापने के लिए वाइंडिंग निर्माण के दौरान एम्बेडेड किया जाता है.
लाभ: इन्सुलेशन, विरोधी विद्युतचुंबकीय हस्तक्षेप, ± तक सटीकता 1 ℃, हाई-वोल्टेज या अल्ट्रा हाई वोल्टेज ट्रांसफार्मर के लिए उपयुक्त (जैसे 500kV और उससे ऊपर).
मामला: एबीबी और सीमेंस’ हाई-एंड ट्रांसफार्मर आमतौर पर इस प्रकार की प्रणाली का उपयोग करते हैं.
वायरलेस सेंसर (उभरती हुई प्रौद्योगिकी)
सिद्धांत: माइक्रो वायरलेस तापमान सेंसर (जैसे कि SAW या RFID तकनीक पर आधारित) घुमावदार परतों के बीच एम्बेडेड होते हैं और वायरलेस सिग्नल के माध्यम से डेटा संचारित करते हैं.
सीमाएँ: धातु परिरक्षण और विद्युत चुम्बकीय हस्तक्षेप मुद्दों का समाधान करने की आवश्यकता है, currently mostly used for testing transformers.

2. Indirect calculation method (mainstream application)

Thermal simulation calculation (आईईसी 60076-7 मानक)
तरीका: By measuring the top oil temperature (TOST) and load current, combined with the application of winding hot spot coefficient, it can be used for handover testing or fault diagnosis.

3. Traditional monitoring methods (auxiliary reference)

Oil temperature gauge+winding temperature indicator (डब्ल्यूटीआई)
सिद्धांत: The oil temperature sensor is combined with the current transformer (सीटी) signal to simulate the temperature rise of the winding, with an error of about ± 5 ℃.
Attention: Calibration should be conducted every 3 years to avoid misjudgment caused by CT ratio errors.
Infrared thermal imager (external detection)
Usage: Only applicable to exposed winding ends or oil tank surfaces, considering the effects of oil flow and heat dissipation, with poor accuracy (± 10 ℃).

4. Precautions

Security threshold:
Conventional insulation (एक कक्षा): winding hotspot ≤ 105 ℃ (IEC standard).
When overloaded: It is allowed to rise to 130 ℃ for a short period of time (refer to the manufacturer’s curve).
Data comparison: When the difference between direct method (फाइबर ऑप्टिक) and indirect method (thermal simulation) exceeds 10 ℃, it is necessary to investigate sensor or calculation model errors.
Summary and selection suggestions
New/important transformers: Priority should be given to embedding fiber optic systems.
Transformer in operation: WTI+thermal simulation calculation is used, and resistance method is used to verify during annual power outages.
अस्थायी निगरानी: infrared+wireless sensor combination, suitable for troubleshooting.
For specific equipment models or installation details, please contact FJINNO

The installation difficulty of fiber optic temperature measurement system is moderate, mainly depending on the application scenario (such as transformer winding, स्विचगियर, जनक) and installation method (pre embedded vs later installation). Here are the key points:
1. इंस्टालेशन
The transformer winding needs to be embedded with optical fibers during the manufacturing stage, and the internal space of the winding is narrow, requiring high-voltage insulation treatment.
The later installation of switch cabinets/busbars requires only surface fixation without dismantling the equipment, but must avoid areas with strong electromagnetic interference.
2. Precautions
Operation: The fiber optic cable is fragile, and the bending radius must be greater than the value, otherwise it is prone to breakage.
Position limitation: The installation inside the transformer winding needs to be designed in collaboration with the manufacturer and cannot be modified later.
3. Suggestions for simplifying installation
New project: Priority should be given to pre embedded fluorescent fiber optic sensors, which will be integrated by the transformer manufacturer. Users only need to connect the demodulator.
Renovation project: Adopting external fiber optic probes (such as busbars and contacts), fixed with zip ties or thermal conductive adhesive, single point installation can be completed within 30 मिनट.
4. Do you need professionals?
हाँ: Trained technicians are required to operate, especially in high-pressure environments or precision equipment.
Exception: Low voltage scenarios such as switchgear can be completed by a guided electrician team.
सारांश: If the transformer has been put into operation, it is recommended to choose an external fiber optic system (such as busbar monitoring), जिसे इंस्टॉल करना आसान है; If it is a new project, although the pre embedded design is complex in the initial stage, it has higher long-term reliability.

फाइबर ऑप्टिक तापमान सेंसर, बुद्धिमान निगरानी प्रणाली, चीन में वितरित फाइबर ऑप्टिक निर्माता