مانیتورینگ دمای تابلو برق برق, راهنمای کامل 2025

را fluorescence fiber optic temperature measurement system has the advantages of high voltage resistance, بدون تداخل الکترومغناطیسی, ایمنی ذاتی, long-term reliability, and easy scalability. It can monitor the temperature of various monitoring points such as high-voltage switchgear and ring main unit in power generation and supply systems in real time online. It has RS485 and fiber optic communication interfaces, MODBUS, IEC61850 communication protocols, and can provide a backend system and dedicated software, making the switchgear further intelligent, دیجیتال, and networked, suitable for all the needs of intelligent substations.

There are various methods for monitoring the temperature of switchgear, and the following are common ones:

Traditional contact temperature measurement: using traditional contact temperature sensors (مانند ترموکوپل, integrated temperature sensors, و غیره) برای اندازه گیری دما. مدار پردازش سیگنال سنسور بر روی باس فشار قوی نصب شده است, و توان از شین فشار قوی از طریق یک سیم پیچ القایی به دست می آید, انتقال سیگنال از طریق سیم های فلزی. با این حال, این روش محدودیت هایی دارد, مانند فضای داخلی محدود تابلو برق, نصب سخت, و امکان کاهش فاصله عایق در داخل تابلو برق, که نمی تواند عملکرد عایق پایدار را تضمین کند. بنابراین, نمی توان آن را روی کنتاکت ها و اتصالات کابل داخل تابلو برق فشار قوی استفاده کرد.

برچسب ثبت دما: این برچسب با استفاده از اصل تغییر رنگ حساس به دما ساخته شده و به تجهیزات آزمایش شده متصل می شود. زمانی که دمای نقطه آزمایش شده بالاتر از دمای تغییر رنگ نامی برچسب باشد, رنگ برچسب تغییر خواهد کرد, and it has the function of color recording after overheating. The disadvantage is that it cannot reflect real-time temperature values and requires regular manual inspections.

اندازه گیری دمای فیبر نوری: Install fiber optic temperature sensors on the surface of electrical contacts, connect them to a fiber optic demodulator installed in the cabinet through optical cables, and output corresponding temperature data from the fiber optic demodulator. با این حال, fiber optic temperature measuring instruments use optical fibers to transmit signals, which have the disadvantages of being easily bent, broken, and not resistant to high temperatures. It is difficult to wire inside the cabinet, and the cost is high, making it difficult to construct and maintain. بنابراین, it is not suitable for temperature measurement in distribution cabinets.

اندازه گیری دمای بی سیم: The thermal defect detection system based on wireless temperature measurement integrates computer, ارتباط, ضد تداخل الکترومغناطیسی, digital sensing, and industrial fieldbus technology. The system consists of wireless temperature sensors (کاوشگرها), temperature measurement communication terminals, temperature measurement workstations, and temperature measurement management centers. The system directly installs the wireless temperature sensor on the high-voltage contact, and transmits the signal to the wireless receiving terminal through wireless transmission technology. After signal processing and decoding, the receiving device transmits the temperature data to the main control computer management device for analysis and processing.

Infrared probe temperature measurement: Install several infrared temperature measurement probes in the switchgear cabinet to determine its temperature by receiving infrared radiation signals from electrical contacts. با این حال, this method is easily affected by the obstruction of infrared radiation paths by internal components of the switchgear, and cannot accurately measure the contact temperature, making it unsuitable for online temperature measurement of power distribution equipment.

ویژگی های Fluorescent Fiber in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear

（1） High electromagnetic immunity, مقاومت ولتاژ, و عملکرد عایق

The fluorescent fiber optic temperature measurement device has extremely strong electromagnetic immunity, مقاومت ولتاژ, و عملکرد عایق. In electrical equipment environments with high current, ولتاژ بالا, electromagnetic field radiation, موج ها, electrical pulses, و غیره, such as switchgear, it can operate stably. به عنوان مثال, می تواند بیش از 140 کیلو ولت ولتاژ فرکانس برق را در فاصله خزیدن 30 سانتی متر تحمل کند., به طور کامل عایق مقاومت در برابر ولتاژ مورد نیاز تابلو برق. این به آن اجازه می دهد تا در نظارت بر دمای تابلو برق بدون تاثیر محیط های الکترومغناطیسی قوی در داخل تابلو به طور دقیق و قابل اعتماد کار کند., منجر به خطا یا شکست در اندازه گیری می شود.

（2） سنجش دما حساس و بسیار دقیق است

حساس به دما: این می تواند اطلاعات دمای لحظه ای تماس ها و کابل های کابینت سوئیچ را جمع آوری کند, و به سرعت به تغییرات دما پاسخ می دهد. این به تشخیص به موقع خطرات احتمالی گرمای بیش از حد در تابلو کمک می کند, such as detecting the rising trend of temperature quickly when the contact is poor or the cable is overloaded and begins to heat up.
دقت اندازه گیری دما می تواند به ± برسد 1: High precision temperature measurement is very important for temperature monitoring of switchgear. Accurate temperature data can provide reliable basis for judging the operating status of switchgear, such as determining whether there is local overheating or whether the equipment is operating normally, avoiding misjudgment of equipment status due to temperature measurement errors.

（3） Rich system functions

Diverse alarm functions
Exceeding threshold alarm: When the temperature value exceeds the threshold, an alarm is triggered and two levels of thresholds can be set. This can distinguish different degrees of temperature anomalies, such as mild and severe overheating, and different measures can be taken for different situations.
Beyond temperature difference alarm: When the temperature difference between the highest and lowest temperatures between test points within a certain range exceeds the set value (آستانه قابل تنظیم است), an alarm is triggered. This alarm method helps to detect temperature imbalances between different parts of the switchgear, which may indicate poor contact or uneven heat dissipation in certain areas.
هشدار نرخ تغییر اختلاف دما: اگر تغییر دما از مقدار تنظیم شده بیشتر شود (آستانه قابل تنظیم است) در یک بازه زمانی مشخص, زنگ هشدار فعال خواهد شد. By monitoring the rate of temperature change, rapid temperature increases or decreases can be detected in a timely manner. به عنوان مثال, in the event of a short circuit or sudden overload, the rate of temperature change will rapidly increase, triggering an alarm.
System fault alarm: The system monitors the performance status of the fiber optic temperature probe and the connection status of the fiber optic, خود تشخیص و آزمایش را متوجه می شود, و به سرعت خطاهای سیستم را اعلام می کند. This ensures the reliability of the entire temperature monitoring system and avoids situations where temperature cannot be accurately monitored due to system malfunctions.
Powerful backend monitoring function
Real time display of temperature information: The backend monitoring software system can display real-time temperature information of various contacts in the current switchgear, making it convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to grasp the temperature status inside the switchgear at any time.
Data storage and analysis: It can store real-time curves and historical data of temperature information for each contact point in the past month. استفاده از روش های مختلف تشخیصی برای تجزیه و تحلیل وضعیت سلامت تجهیزات, including analysis of all equipment parameter limit alarms and other judgment methods, to monitor the operation status of high-voltage switchgear in a timely manner.
Report generation and export: The system can automatically and manually generate various periodic reports and export and print them. گزارش های صادر شده را می توان از طریق نرم افزار Excel ویرایش و مشاهده کرد. در عین حال, این سیستم دارای عملکردهای نمایش منحنی دما در زمان واقعی و تاریخی است, and the curve can accurately reflect the real-time monitoring curve and the temperature change curve of the monitored object at a certain point in a certain period of time.

（4） Small probe size and high reliability of temperature sensing material

Extremely small probe size: را سنسور دمای فیبر نوری فلورسنت probe size is extremely small and can be directly installed on the measured point, which can achieve accurate temperature measurement of switch cabinet contacts, اتصالات کابل, and other parts without affecting the internal structure and equipment operation of the switch cabinet.
High reliability of temperature sensing materials: The temperature sensing material of the temperature sensor is a rare earth material that is only sensitive to temperature. The long-term stability of this material has been fully verified, and the relevant system has been successfully applied to equipment monitoring for more than 30 سال, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of temperature monitoring during the long-term operation of the switchgear.

（5） High stability of distributed system architecture

For a truly distributed system that can be flexibly configured, each temperature measurement unit is independent of each other and does not affect each other. این باعث نمی شود که کل سیستم به دلیل تأثیر یک پیوند از کار بیفتد, و استحکام خوبی دارد, قابلیت اطمینان, و ثبات. این ویژگی امکان عملکرد عادی سایر واحدها را در نظارت بر دمای تابلو برق فراهم می کند, حتی اگر یک واحد اندازه گیری دما خراب شود, بدون اینکه بر عملکرد کلی سیستم نظارت بر دمای تابلو تاثیر بگذارد, در نتیجه تحمل خطا و قابلیت اطمینان کلی سیستم را بهبود می بخشد.

ویژگی های فیبر نوری توزیع شده در مانیتورینگ دمای تجهیزات سوئیچ

(1) از نظر عملکرد اندازه گیری

مقاومت در برابر دمای بالا, مقاومت در برابر خوردگی, و مقاومت تداخل الکترومغناطیسی قوی: را فیبر نوری توزیع شده دستگاه مانیتورینگ دما, با فیبر حسگر دما بسیار طولانی, می تواند ویژگی های متعددی مانند مقاومت در برابر دمای بالا را نشان دهد, مقاومت در برابر خوردگی, مقاومت تداخل الکترومغناطیسی قوی, و مقاومت در برابر خوردگی. در تابلو برق, ولتاژهای بالا وجود دارد, جریان های بالا, و محیط های پیچیده الکترومغناطیسی. Distributed optical fibers can adapt to such harsh environments to accurately measure the temperature of the area where the fibers are laid, and can quickly feedback the specific location of the abnormal point when the temperature is abnormal. به عنوان مثال, in the switchgear of a substation, distributed optical fibers can work stably in the face of heat generated by high currents, electromagnetic radiation, and possible corrosion factors, without interference or damage like some traditional temperature sensors.
Continuous and wide range of detection points: Its detection points are continuous and can comprehensively detect the situation of each point of the monitored object (various parts inside the switchgear), با محدوده تشخیص بزرگ. Being able to conduct comprehensive temperature monitoring inside the switchgear without blind spots can help accurately grasp the overall temperature distribution inside the switchgear and detect potential local overheating hazards in a timely manner. به عنوان مثال, temperature changes in different parts such as busbars, مخاطبین, and cable joints can be detected to comprehensively evaluate the operating status of the switchgear.
Accurate positioning: When abnormal temperature is detected, distributed optical fibers can accurately and timely determine the type of temperature change, display the temperature reading and location of the accident point. This is very important for quickly locating the overheating fault point inside the switchgear. The operation and maintenance personnel can quickly take measures for maintenance based on the positioning information, reduce the fault handling time, and improve the reliability of the switchgear operation. به عنوان مثال, in situations where the internal structure of a switchgear is complex and there are numerous components, it is possible to accurately identify which specific contact or cable joint has experienced overheating issues.

（2） In terms of system functionality

Multi functional host: The distributed fiber optic temperature measurement host integrates diverse functions such as signal processing, signal analysis, high temperature warning, and data transmission, enabling the entire system to continuously monitor a large area for a long time, thereby timely discovering potential safety hazards, implementing maintenance, and effectively reducing the probability of safety accidents. به عنوان مثال, it can perform real-time analysis on the collected temperature data to determine if there are any abnormal temperature conditions. Once an abnormality is detected, it can promptly issue a warning signal and transmit the relevant data to the operation and maintenance personnel.
Powerful display and analysis capabilities

تجسم داده ها: The system can display the temperature change curves of multiple optical fibers, the status of each node, key operating parameters, and detailed statistical information in real time and dynamically, presenting users with a clear and intuitive data view. Operation and maintenance personnel can intuitively understand the trend of temperature changes inside the switchgear and the temperature status of various parts through this information, which helps to comprehensively evaluate the operating status of the switchgear.
Abnormal analysis and positioning: The distributed fiber optic temperature monitoring device has powerful analysis functions, which can accurately analyze the temperature data transmitted back by the temperature sensing fiber and locate the location of abnormal temperature. Whether it is a slow temperature rise or a sudden temperature peak, it can be accurately analyzed and located, which is of great significance for early detection of potential faults in the switchgear, such as local temperature rise caused by poor contact or overall temperature abnormality caused by heat dissipation problems.
Convenient query and alarm functions

Convenient query: The system provides a convenient query function, به کاربران اجازه می دهد تا به راحتی زمان و مکان دقیق ناهنجاری های دما را بازیابی کنند, تا حد زیادی کارایی کار تعمیر و نگهداری را بهبود می بخشد. در تعمیر و نگهداری روزانه و عیب یابی تابلو برق, توانایی به دست آوردن سریع داده های دمای تاریخی و اطلاعات رویدادهای غیرعادی برای تجزیه و تحلیل وضعیت عملکرد و علل خطای تابلو کمک می کند..
هشدار به موقع و موثر: این سیستم همچنین به عملکرد هشدار مجهز است. هنگامی که یک وضعیت غیر طبیعی تشخیص داده شود, می تواند به سرعت دستگاه های هشدار دهنده صدا و نور خارجی و سایر دستگاه های اتصال را از طریق خروجی رله هدایت کند تا از مدیریت به موقع و موثر موقعیت های غیرعادی اطمینان حاصل کند.. به عنوان مثال, زمانی که دمای قسمت خاصی در داخل تابلو برق از آستانه ایمنی تعیین شده فراتر رود, an audible and visual alarm can be immediately issued to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take measures to avoid accidents.
Stable operation guarantee: The built-in watchdog program can monitor the real-time running status of the system, effectively preventing program crashes and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the system. During the long-term operation of the switchgear, this stability guarantee can ensure that the temperature monitoring system always works normally and will not be interrupted due to system failures, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire switchgear operation.

Characteristics of Wireless Method in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear

（1） Installation and power supply advantages

راحتی نصب: Wireless temperature sensors can be directly installed on monitored parts such as high-voltage contacts, without the need for complex wiring. In the case of limited space and complex structure inside the switchgear, this installation method will not affect the original structure of the switchgear, nor will it interfere with the normal operation of other equipment. به عنوان مثال, wireless temperature sensors can be conveniently installed in various switchgear such as central cabinets, handcart cabinets, fixed cabinets, and ring main units to monitor the temperature of contact/cable overlap heads.
Solving the problem of power supply: The system using passive wireless sensing technology, such as surface acoustic wave resonators to achieve passive temperature detection, solves the problem of sensor power supply. The problems of short battery life and difficulty in replacement, as well as difficulty in controlling the current size and installation of mutual inductance energy harvesting, have been improved in traditional active wireless temperature measurement methods where sensor probes and wireless transmission circuits are powered by batteries or small current transformers. به عنوان مثال, in some switchgear application scenarios where frequent maintenance is difficult or battery replacement is inconvenient, passive wireless temperature measurement methods have great advantages19.

（2） Electrical Insulation and Safety

Good electrical insulation: The wireless working mode physically isolates the high-voltage side from the low-voltage side, avoiding insulation risks that may arise from electrical connections. In switchgear, due to the presence of high voltage, good insulation is crucial for the safe operation of temperature monitoring devices. Wireless temperature measurement can effectively prevent equipment failures and safety accidents caused by insulation problems.
High safety of equipotential measurement: The wireless temperature control device for switchgear has the characteristics of low power consumption and equipotential measurement. Equipotential measurement can reduce potential safety hazards caused by potential differences, ensure that temperature monitoring during the operation of the switchgear does not affect the electrical safety performance of the switchgear, and also ensure the safety of measurement personnel during maintenance and repair work.

（3） Data transmission and monitoring function

Wireless data transmission facilitates networking: temperature data is transmitted through wireless communication without the need for laying a large number of cables or optical cables. This method makes data transmission more flexible, facilitates networking, and enables centralized monitoring of multiple switchgear or monitoring points. به عنوان مثال, when there are numerous switchgear in a large substation that require temperature monitoring, a wireless temperature measurement network can be easily constructed to transmit temperature data from each switchgear to the monitoring center 20.
Feature rich monitoring platform: The monitoring platform of the wireless temperature measurement system has multiple functions, such as data display, تجزیه و تحلیل, زنگ هشدار, و غیره. It can display temperature data in real-time, support historical curve calling, and administrators can adjust temperature alarm customization settings through permissions. The system also has fault display and database functions for storing temperature values for historical queries. به عنوان مثال, data can be recorded every 5 دقیقه, which can save 24 months of historical data, making it convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to grasp the on-site temperature situation at any time and carry out corresponding processing.

（4） Measurement accuracy and response speed

دقت اندازه گیری بالا: The wireless temperature measurement system adopts imported high-precision digital temperature sensors, and the measurement accuracy can reach ± 1 ℃. Being able to accurately measure the temperature of the monitored parts inside the switchgear provides reliable temperature data basis for judging the operating status of the equipment, which helps to detect temperature anomalies in a timely manner, such as overheating of contacts and temperature rise of cable joints.

سرعت پاسخگویی سریع: It can quickly collect and transmit temperature data, ensuring timely and accurate data recording and analysis. This is very important for equipment such as switchgear that requires timely detection of temperature anomalies to avoid malfunctions. به عنوان مثال, when a short circuit or overload occurs inside the switchgear, causing a sharp rise in temperature, the wireless temperature measurement system can quickly feedback the temperature changes to the monitoring system in order to take corresponding measures.

Characteristics of Infrared in Temperature Monitoring of Switchgear

（1） Non contact measurement

Does not affect equipment operation: Infrared temperature measurement determines its temperature by receiving infrared radiation signals from electrical contacts. This non-contact measurement method can detect temperature without stopping the equipment when monitoring electrical equipment. For equipment such as switchgear that cannot be easily powered off for testing, it is very suitable. Temperature monitoring of internal contacts, باسبارها, and other parts can be carried out without affecting the normal power supply of the switchgear, ensuring the continuous operation of the power system.
Reduce the risk of equipment damage: As there is no need for direct contact with the monitored equipment, it avoids potential damage to the equipment during the contact process, such as scratches, اتصال کوتاه, and other risks. در عین حال, it also reduces the potential safety hazards caused by contact measurement, such as non-contact measurement being safer and more reliable in high voltage and high current environments inside switchgear.

（2） Limitations of Measurement

Easy to be affected by obstruction: The infrared probe temperature measurement method is easily affected by the obstruction of the infrared radiation path by the internal components of the switchgear, which cannot accurately measure the contact temperature and is not suitable for online temperature measurement of power distribution equipment. The internal structure of the switchgear is complex, with numerous components, circuits, و غیره, which may block the propagation path of infrared radiation, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. به عنوان مثال, in some compact switchgear, قطعاتی مانند شینه ها و سوئیچ های جداسازی ممکن است تابش مادون قرمز ساطع شده از کنتاکت ها را مسدود کنند., دریافت سیگنال های مادون قرمز دقیق و اندازه گیری دقیق دمای کنتاکت ها را برای پروب دمای مادون قرمز غیرممکن می کند..
توانایی نفوذ ضعیف و تاثیر محیطی بالا: توانایی نفوذ تابش مادون قرمز خیلی قوی نیست, به خصوص هنگام برخورد با اجسام سخت یا ورقه های آهنی ضخیم, توانایی آن به شدت کاهش می یابد. علاوه بر این, تابش مادون قرمز به شدت به محیط خارجی وابسته است, و محیط های مختلف نیز بر دقت انتقال اطلاعات دما تأثیر خواهند گذاشت. در تابلو برق, در صورت وجود مهر و موم عایق حرارتی شرینک, پوشش های محافظ فلزی, و غیره, به طور جدی بر نفوذ اشعه مادون قرمز تأثیر می گذارد, در نتیجه بر دقت اندازه گیری دما تأثیر می گذارد. علاوه بر این, عواملی مانند دمای محیط, رطوبت, and dust can also interfere with the results of infrared temperature measurement. به عنوان مثال, in humid or dusty environments, the propagation of infrared radiation can be affected, leading to increased measurement errors.

سنسور دمای فیبر نوری, سیستم مانیتورینگ هوشمند, تولید کننده فیبر نوری توزیع شده در چین